حلقة نقاشية

Using statistical analysis for analysing experimental data

الجامعة التقنية الشمالية / الكلية التقنية كركوك/ قسم هندسة تقنيات الوقود والطاقة

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2022-04-04

يوم واحد

هندسية وتكنولوجيا

لم يحدد رقم الموبايل , [email protected]

قسم هندسة تقنيات الوقود والطاقة

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A very important thing to keep in mind when learning how to design experiments and collect experimental data is that our ability to observe the real world is not perfect. The observations we make are never exactly representative of the process we think we are observing. The error is a combined measure of the inherent variation in the phenomenon we are observing and the numerous factors that interfere with the measurement. Every effort should be made to reduce systematic errors through efforts such as calibration of measurement instruments. It is impossible to totally eliminate all measurement error. If the underlying error is truly random (not biased) then we can still gain useful information by making multiple observations (i.e. replicates) and calculating the average. In order for the sample to be truly representative of the underlying phenomenon that is being measured it must be a 2 random sample. Randomness helps to ensure independence of the observations. When we say that we want “independent observations” what we really mean is that we want the errors in the observations to be independent of each other. Aside from non-random sampling, there are other laboratory activities that could jeopardize independence of the observations. Similarly, if a measurement device wears out every time it is used then the error may increase over time.

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